This paper is currently under review at Ethics and the Environment ( for a special issue on environmental ethics and agriculture, which is being edited by Clark Wolf).

In it, I argue that R.M. Hare's two-level utilitarianism sheds considerable light on questions about what counts as “humane sustainability” under varying background social, technological, and environmental conditions, and, in particular, the appropriateness of distinguishing between what I call “prelapsarian,” “contemporary,” and “utopian” visions of sustainability.

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, animal welfare, environmental ethics

Back to my vita.